Older homes have character, charm, and craftsmanship that many newer builds just can’t match. But they can also come with outdated electrical systems that weren’t designed for the demands of modern living — or today’s insurance standards. If you’re considering buying a home built before the 1960s, it’s important to understand the most common electrical issues you may encounter and what they mean for your safety, budget, and insurability.

Here are three common electrical concerns in older homes — and what you should know as a buyer in Alberta.

1. Knob-and-Tube Wiring: What It Is and Why It’s a Problem

Knob-and-tube (K&T) wiring was the standard method of electrical wiring in homes built before the 1950s. The name comes from the way the wires are installed:

• “Knobs” are small ceramic supports that hold the wires in place along framing.
• “Tubes” are ceramic sleeves that protect the wires as they pass through wood joists or studs.

The wires themselves are usually solid copper, wrapped in rubber insulation with a cloth jacket. At the time, this was cutting-edge — but today, the system has several major issues.

Key Differences Compared to Modern Wiring:

Why the Differences Matter:

• No grounding means greater risk of shock and fire.
• Insulation breaks down over time, leaving exposed wires.
• Covering K&T with insulation (like in an attic) is a major fire hazard.
• Often modified unsafely over the decades, increasing risk.

Because of these issues, most insurance companies in Alberta won’t insure homes with active knob-and-tube wiring, and most electricians recommend full replacement when it’s found. Some insurance companies may allow temporary coverage if you commit to replacing it within a short window or provide a certified inspection — but this is rare. For many buyers, replacing knob-and-tube becomes a condition of insurance coverage.

2. Marginal Electrical Service (Less Than 100 Amps)

Many older homes in Alberta still have 60-amp service, which was standard in the past but is now considered minimal. While this isn’t a code violation or safety hazard on its own, it can be a sticking point with insurance providers. Insurers may still ask for an upgrade — not just due to electrical capacity, but because if the main breaker trips during cold weather, it could shut down heating systems. That increases the risk of other insurable losses, like frozen or burst pipes.

🔎 What to know:

• Homes under 862 sq ft are not legally required to have 100-amp service.
• Some electricians can provide a written assessment if the lower amperage is still sufficient.
• Upgrade costs typically range from $3,000 to $5,000, depending on the home.

Buyer tip: Even if insurance allows it, upgrading to 100-amp service is often a smart long-term investment — especially with more households adding electric vehicles, air conditioning, or home office equipment.

3. Federal Pacific Panel Boards

Federal Pacific Electric (FPE) panels have developed a bad reputation — especially in the United States — due to a known defect where breakers may fail to trip, allowing dangerous levels of electricity to continue flowing through a circuit. This has led to fires in some cases.

The Canadian difference:

In Canada, some FPE panels were manufactured by different companies, and the Canadian versions don’t appear to have the same widespread issue as those in the U.S. That said, it’s still wise to be cautious.

If you’re considering a home with an FPE panel:

• Have a licensed electrician inspect it to assess condition and performance.
• Some insurers may require replacement, even if the panel is functional.
• Replacement cost can vary depending on whether a full service upgrade is required.

What Should You Do as a Buyer?

Electrical issues in older homes don’t have to be dealbreakers, but they do require careful consideration. Here’s what you can do to protect yourself:

✅ Ask about the home’s electrical history — Has it been upgraded? When?

✅ Get a detailed home inspection — Make sure it includes electrical review by a licensed professional.

✅ Talk to your insurance broker early — Some companies will decline coverage altogether if outdated electrical is still in use.

✅ Budget for upgrades — If issues are found, getting quotes early gives you negotiating power and peace of mind.

Final Thoughts

Buying an older home in Alberta can be incredibly rewarding — but it’s important to go in with your eyes open. Understanding the risks associated with knob-and-tube wiring, underpowered electrical service, and older panel boards can help you avoid costly surprises and protect your investment.

And remember: the best time to ask the hard questions is during your due diligence period, not after you move in.